which disturbance would result in primary succession?\nharvesting wheat by using a combine harvester at the…

which disturbance would result in primary succession?\nharvesting wheat by using a combine harvester at the end of the growing season\ncontrolled burning to stimulate the growth of forest trees such as sequoia\nthe formation of surtsey, a volcanic island off of the southern coast of iceland\nthe effect of a large herd of elephants on the grasses and shrubs in an area
Answer
Brief Explanations:
Primary succession occurs in areas where there was no previous soil or life - like on a newly formed volcanic island. Harvesting wheat, controlled burning, and the effect of elephants are secondary succession events as they occur in areas with existing soil and life. Surtsey is a new volcanic island, starting the process of primary succession.
Answer:
the formation of Surtsey, a volcanic island off of the southern coast of Iceland