14. mark observes that magnesium reacts vigorously with hydrochloric acid, producing bubbles of hydrogen gas…

14. mark observes that magnesium reacts vigorously with hydrochloric acid, producing bubbles of hydrogen gas almost immediately. however, when he puts a piece of copper in hydrochloric acid, no reaction occurs.\n15. for a chemistry demonstration, mr. lee drops a whole potato into hydrogen peroxide and observes that it reacts slowly, producing only a few bubbles. then he cuts the potato into small pieces and adds them to a fresh solution of hydrogen peroxide. this time, the reaction is much faster, producing bubbles rapidly.\npart ii.\n1. what are the two key requirements of collision theory for a successful reaction to occur?\n2. give a real - life application of controlling the rates of reaction.

14. mark observes that magnesium reacts vigorously with hydrochloric acid, producing bubbles of hydrogen gas almost immediately. however, when he puts a piece of copper in hydrochloric acid, no reaction occurs.\n15. for a chemistry demonstration, mr. lee drops a whole potato into hydrogen peroxide and observes that it reacts slowly, producing only a few bubbles. then he cuts the potato into small pieces and adds them to a fresh solution of hydrogen peroxide. this time, the reaction is much faster, producing bubbles rapidly.\npart ii.\n1. what are the two key requirements of collision theory for a successful reaction to occur?\n2. give a real - life application of controlling the rates of reaction.

Answer

Brief Explanations:

  1. Collision theory states that for a successful reaction:
    • Reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy (activation energy) to break bonds.
    • Reactant particles must collide with the correct orientation for new bonds to form.
  2. A real - life application of controlling reaction rates is food preservation. For example, refrigeration slows down the chemical reactions (such as oxidation and microbial growth) that cause food spoilage. Lowering the temperature reduces the kinetic energy of the molecules involved in these reactions. According to the collision theory, with less kinetic energy, the reactant particles (e.g., molecules in the food and oxygen molecules or microbial enzymes) collide less frequently and with less energy. This means that reactions that lead to spoilage occur at a much slower rate, thus keeping the food fresh for a longer period.

Answer:

  1. Reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy (activation energy) and correct orientation.
  2. Food preservation (e.g., refrigeration slows down spoilage - related reactions).