16. which substance is electrically neutral?\nsubstance # of protons # of electrons\nlithium 3 2\nfluorine 9…

16. which substance is electrically neutral?\nsubstance # of protons # of electrons\nlithium 3 2\nfluorine 9 10\npotassium 19 18\nsulfur 16 d. sulfur\n17. comparison of two bond types\nbond type x bond type y\nmakes compounds makes molecules\ntransfers, gives/takes electrons resulting in a noble configuration shares electrons resulting in a noble configuration\nmade with metals and nonmetals made of nonmetals\nexamples: nacl, cacl2 examples: h2o\nwhich of these correctly identifies the bond types?\na. x is ionic; y is covalent\nc. x is covalent; y is covalent\nb. x is ionic; y is hydrogen\nd. x is hydrogen; y is covalent\ncomplete the following chart on subatomic particles.\nsubatomic particle charge mass location\n18. 19. 20. 21\n22. 23. 24. 25\n26. 27. 28. 29

16. which substance is electrically neutral?\nsubstance # of protons # of electrons\nlithium 3 2\nfluorine 9 10\npotassium 19 18\nsulfur 16 d. sulfur\n17. comparison of two bond types\nbond type x bond type y\nmakes compounds makes molecules\ntransfers, gives/takes electrons resulting in a noble configuration shares electrons resulting in a noble configuration\nmade with metals and nonmetals made of nonmetals\nexamples: nacl, cacl2 examples: h2o\nwhich of these correctly identifies the bond types?\na. x is ionic; y is covalent\nc. x is covalent; y is covalent\nb. x is ionic; y is hydrogen\nd. x is hydrogen; y is covalent\ncomplete the following chart on subatomic particles.\nsubatomic particle charge mass location\n18. 19. 20. 21\n22. 23. 24. 25\n26. 27. 28. 29

Answer

Explanation:

Step1: Recall electrical - neutrality condition

A substance is electrically neutral when the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

Step2: Analyze lithium

For lithium, number of protons = 3, number of electrons = 3. It is neutral.

Step3: Analyze fluorine

For fluorine, number of protons = 9, number of electrons = 9 in a neutral atom, but here number of electrons = 19 which is incorrect for neutral state.

Step4: Analyze potassium

For potassium, number of protons = 19, number of electrons = 18 which is not neutral.

Step5: Analyze sulfur

For sulfur, number of protons = 16, no information about correct number of electrons for neutral state is given in a way to compare with others, but we already found lithium is neutral.

For question 17:

Step1: Recall ionic and covalent bond characteristics

Ionic bonds form between metals and non - metals by transfer of electrons to achieve noble gas configuration. Covalent bonds form between non - metals by sharing of electrons to achieve noble gas configuration.

Step2: Identify bond types

Bond type X has characteristics of ionic bond (transfers electrons, made with metals and non - metals, examples like NaCl, CaCl₂). Bond type Y has characteristics of covalent bond (shares electrons, made of non - metals, example H₂O).

Answer:

  1. a. Lithium
  2. a. X is ionic; Y is covalent