for each atom in the table below, write down the subshell from which an electron would have to be removed to…

for each atom in the table below, write down the subshell from which an electron would have to be removed to make a +1 cation, and the subshell to which an electron would have to be added to make a -1 anion.\nthe first row has been completed for you.\n

for each atom in the table below, write down the subshell from which an electron would have to be removed to make a +1 cation, and the subshell to which an electron would have to be added to make a -1 anion.\nthe first row has been completed for you.\n

Answer

Explanation:

For Xe (Xenon)

Step1: Determine electron removal for +1 cation

Xe has the electron configuration ([Kr]4d^{10}5s^{2}5p^{6}). The out - most electrons are in the (5p) subshell. When forming a +1 cation ((Xe^{+})), an electron is removed from the highest - energy occupied subshell. So, the subshell from which an electron is removed is (5p).

Step2: Determine electron addition for -1 anion

For an anion ((Xe^{-})), we need to add an electron. The next available subshell (higher in energy than the filled subshells) is (6s).

For Fe (Iron)

Step1: Determine electron removal for +1 cation

Fe has the electron configuration ([Ar]3d^{6}4s^{2}). When forming a cation, electrons are removed from the highest - energy subshell first. The (4s) subshell has higher energy than (3d) (for electron removal, despite the filling order). So, for (Fe^{+}), an electron is removed from (4s).

Step2: Determine electron addition for -1 anion

For (Fe^{-}), we add an electron. The (4s) subshell can hold 2 electrons (Fe has 2 in (4s) in neutral state). But the next available subshell (since adding an electron to a partially filled (3d) is less favorable in terms of electron - electron repulsion compared to filling (4s) first if possible, but (4s) is full in neutral Fe. However, based on electron - addition rules for anions, we consider the next available orbital. The (4p) subshell is the next one.

For Na (Sodium)

Step1: Determine electron removal for +1 cation

Na has the electron configuration ([Ne]3s^{1}). The out - most electron is in the (3s) subshell. For (Na^{+}), an electron is removed from (3s).

Step2: Determine electron addition for -1 anion

For (Na^{-}), we add an electron. The next available subshell is (3p).

Answer:

atom subshell from which electron removed to form +1 cation subshell to which electron added to form -1 anion
Xe (5p) (6s)
Fe (4s) (4p)
Na (3s) (3p)