1. discuss the three main subatomic particles. where are they located within the atom? what are their…

1. discuss the three main subatomic particles. where are they located within the atom? what are their relative masses? describe the electrical charge of each.\n2. compare neutral atoms and atomic ions.\n3. what is a chemical compound?\n4. using the periodic table of the elements in appendix c, indicate which element has seven protons.\n5. in what three ways can particles in matter be arranged? what kind of particles make up most of the earths atmosphere?\n6. the compound nh₃ is made up of which elements and how many atoms of each element?\n7. describe three ways that matter can change.\n8. state the kind of change in matter in each example below:\na. ocean waves and sand erode a sea cave in a solid rock cliff.\nb. fallen snow compacts into glacier ice.\nc. a solid rock decomposes into a different substance (called clay) from exposure to sun and rain.\nd. a sample of radioactive uranium slowly turns into the element lead over a long period of time.\ne. a pond dries up.\nf. acid rain gradually eats away the features of a limestone statue in new york city.\n9. how is the use of nuclear reactions for power generation an example of good and wise dominion science?\n10. (true or false) when a log burns, its matter disappears.

1. discuss the three main subatomic particles. where are they located within the atom? what are their relative masses? describe the electrical charge of each.\n2. compare neutral atoms and atomic ions.\n3. what is a chemical compound?\n4. using the periodic table of the elements in appendix c, indicate which element has seven protons.\n5. in what three ways can particles in matter be arranged? what kind of particles make up most of the earths atmosphere?\n6. the compound nh₃ is made up of which elements and how many atoms of each element?\n7. describe three ways that matter can change.\n8. state the kind of change in matter in each example below:\na. ocean waves and sand erode a sea cave in a solid rock cliff.\nb. fallen snow compacts into glacier ice.\nc. a solid rock decomposes into a different substance (called clay) from exposure to sun and rain.\nd. a sample of radioactive uranium slowly turns into the element lead over a long period of time.\ne. a pond dries up.\nf. acid rain gradually eats away the features of a limestone statue in new york city.\n9. how is the use of nuclear reactions for power generation an example of good and wise dominion science?\n10. (true or false) when a log burns, its matter disappears.

Answer

Explanation:

Step1: Identify sub - atomic particles

The three main sub - atomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are in the nucleus, have a positive charge (+ 1) and a relative mass of 1 amu. Neutrons are also in the nucleus, are neutral, and have a relative mass of 1 amu. Electrons are outside the nucleus, have a negative charge (-1) and a very small relative mass (about $\frac{1}{1836}$ amu).

Step2: Compare neutral atoms and atomic ions

In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. In an atomic ion, the number of protons and electrons is different. A cation has more protons than electrons (positively charged), and an anion has more electrons than protons (negatively charged).

Step3: Define chemical compound

A chemical compound is a substance composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

Step4: Identify element with seven protons

The element with seven protons is nitrogen (N) as the atomic number is equal to the number of protons.

Step5: Discuss particle arrangements in matter

Particles in matter can be arranged in a solid - closely packed and in an orderly pattern, in a liquid - more spread out and able to flow, and in a gas - very spread out and moving freely. The main particles in the Earth's atmosphere are nitrogen (N₂), oxygen (O₂), and small amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂) and argon (Ar).

Step6: Analyze NH₃ composition

The compound NH₃ is made up of nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H). There is 1 nitrogen atom and 3 hydrogen atoms.

Step7: Describe matter changes

Three ways matter can change are physical changes (e.g., change in state like melting, freezing, boiling), chemical changes (formation of new substances through chemical reactions), and nuclear changes (changes in the nucleus of an atom like radioactive decay).

Step8: Classify matter changes

a. Ocean waves and sand eroding a sea cave is a physical change (mechanical erosion). b. Fallen snow compacting into glacier ice is a physical change (phase - related change under pressure). c. A solid rock decomposing into clay is a chemical change (weathering). d. A sample of radioactive uranium turning into lead is a nuclear change (radioactive decay). e. A pond drying up is a physical change (evaporation). f. Acid rain eating away a limestone statue is a chemical change (chemical reaction between acid and calcium carbonate in limestone).

Step9: Evaluate nuclear power generation

Nuclear reactions for power generation can be considered an example of good and wise dominion science as it provides a large - scale, low - carbon source of energy. It can reduce dependence on fossil fuels, which are finite and contribute to pollution. However, it also has risks such as radioactive waste disposal and potential accidents.

Step10: Answer true - false question

False. When a log burns, its matter does not disappear. According to the law of conservation of mass, matter is converted into other forms such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ash.

Answer:

  1. Protons (positive, in nucleus, 1 amu), neutrons (neutral, in nucleus, 1 amu), electrons (negative, outside nucleus, $\frac{1}{1836}$ amu).
  2. In neutral atom, protons = electrons; in ion, protons $\neq$ electrons.
  3. Substance of two or more elements combined in fixed ratio.
  4. Nitrogen.
  5. Solid - closely packed; liquid - more spread out; gas - very spread out. Main particles in atmosphere: N₂, O₂, etc.
  6. Nitrogen and hydrogen; 1 N atom, 3 H atoms.
  7. Physical, chemical, nuclear changes.
  8. a. Physical change. b. Physical change. c. Chemical change. d. Nuclear change. e. Physical change. f. Chemical change.
  9. Provides low - carbon energy, reduces fossil fuel dependence, but has risks.
  10. False.