5. for each of the following molecules in the table below, determine if it is polar, nonpolar, or ionic…

Explanation:

Step1: Recall electronegativity values

H: 2.1, Cl: 3.0, I: 2.5, C: 2.5, O: 3.5, Ca: 1.0, Al: 1.5, Fe: 1.8

Step2: Calculate electronegativity difference for H - Cl

$|3.0 - 2.1|= 0.9$. Since $0 < 0.9< 1.7$, it is polar.

Step3: Calculate electronegativity difference for H - H

$|2.1 - 2.1| = 0$. Since the difference is 0, it is non - polar.

Step4: Calculate electronegativity difference for H - I

$|2.5 - 2.1|=0.4$. Since $0 < 0.4< 1.7$, it is polar.

Step5: Calculate electronegativity difference for Cl - Cl

$|3.0 - 3.0| = 0$. Since the difference is 0, it is non - polar.

Step6: Calculate electronegativity difference for C - O

$|3.5 - 2.5| = 1.0$. Since $0 < 1.0< 1.7$, it is polar.

Step7: Calculate electronegativity difference for Ca - O

$|3.5 - 1.0|= 2.5$. Since $2.5>1.7$, it is ionic.

Step8: Calculate electronegativity difference for H₂O (H - O)

$|3.5 - 2.1| = 1.4$. Since $0 < 1.4< 1.7$, it is polar.

Step9: Calculate electronegativity difference for Al - Fe

$|1.8 - 1.5|=0.3$. Since $0 < 0.3< 1.7$, it is polar.

Molecule	Electronegativity Values	Difference in Electronegativity	Bond Type
H - Cl	H: 2.1, Cl: 3.0	0.9	Polar
H - H	H: 2.1, H: 2.1	0	Non - polar
H - I	H: 2.1, I: 2.5	0.4	Polar
Cl - Cl	Cl: 3.0, Cl: 3.0	0	Non - polar
C - O	C: 2.5, O: 3.5	1.0	Polar
Ca - O	Ca: 1.0, O: 3.5	2.5	Ionic
H₂O	H: 2.1, O: 3.5	1.4	Polar
Al - Fe	Al: 1.5, Fe: 1.8	0.3	Polar

Answer:

Molecule	Electronegativity Values	Difference in Electronegativity	Bond Type
H - Cl	H: 2.1, Cl: 3.0	0.9	Polar
H - H	H: 2.1, H: 2.1	0	Non - polar
H - I	H: 2.1, I: 2.5	0.4	Polar
Cl - Cl	Cl: 3.0, Cl: 3.0	0	Non - polar
C - O	C: 2.5, O: 3.5	1.0	Polar
Ca - O	Ca: 1.0, O: 3.5	2.5	Ionic
H₂O	H: 2.1, O: 3.5	1.4	Polar
Al - Fe	Al: 1.5, Fe: 1.8	0.3	Polar