4. how many protons does a neutral atom of zinc have? how do you know?\n5. why do neutral atoms have no…

4. how many protons does a neutral atom of zinc have? how do you know?\n5. why do neutral atoms have no charge?\n6. fill in the blanks with either positive or negative.\n a. fluorine atoms gain an electron to become fluoride ions. these ions have a ____________ charge.\n b. calcium atoms lose electrons to become ions. these ions have a ____________ charge.\n7. fill in the blanks.\n mass # (p⁺ + n⁰) ¹⁶₈o ³¹₁₅p ⁶⁵₂₈zn\n atomic # (p⁺) \n p⁺ \n n \n e⁻ if atom is neutral \n e⁻ \n e⁻\n8. fill in the blanks in the table below.\n isotope name isotope symbol number of... atomic number mass number\n protons neutrons electrons\n argon - 40 ⁴⁰₁₈ar\n argon - 38\n ³⁷₂₆fe\n 16 34\n 28 30\n 34 28\n 37 48 37\n manganese - 55

4. how many protons does a neutral atom of zinc have? how do you know?\n5. why do neutral atoms have no charge?\n6. fill in the blanks with either positive or negative.\n a. fluorine atoms gain an electron to become fluoride ions. these ions have a ____________ charge.\n b. calcium atoms lose electrons to become ions. these ions have a ____________ charge.\n7. fill in the blanks.\n mass # (p⁺ + n⁰) ¹⁶₈o ³¹₁₅p ⁶⁵₂₈zn\n atomic # (p⁺) \n p⁺ \n n \n e⁻ if atom is neutral \n e⁻ \n e⁻\n8. fill in the blanks in the table below.\n isotope name isotope symbol number of... atomic number mass number\n protons neutrons electrons\n argon - 40 ⁴⁰₁₈ar\n argon - 38\n ³⁷₂₆fe\n 16 34\n 28 30\n 34 28\n 37 48 37\n manganese - 55

Answer

Explanation:

Step1: Recall atomic number concept

The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. Zinc has an atomic number of 30. So, a neutral atom of zinc has 30 protons.

Step2: Understand charge - neutrality principle

In a neutral atom, the number of protons (positively - charged particles) is equal to the number of electrons (negatively - charged particles). The positive and negative charges cancel each other out, resulting in a net charge of zero.

Step3: Analyze ion - formation

a. Fluorine has 7 valence electrons. When it gains an electron to become a fluoride ion, it has one more electron than proton. So, fluoride ions have a negative charge. b. Calcium is a metal and loses electrons to form ions. It has 2 valence electrons. When it loses these 2 electrons, it has 2 more protons than electrons. So, calcium ions have a positive charge.

Step4: Fill in atomic and mass number related blanks

For $^{16}8O$: Atomic number = 8, so number of protons (p⁺) = 8. Mass number = 16, number of neutrons (n) = Mass number - Atomic number = 16 - 8 = 8. In a neutral atom, number of electrons (e⁻) = number of protons = 8. For $^{31}{15}P$: Atomic number = 15, so number of protons (p⁺) = 15. Mass number = 31, number of neutrons (n) = 31 - 15 = 16. In a neutral atom, number of electrons (e⁻) = 15. For $^{65}_{30}Zn$: Atomic number = 30, so number of protons (p⁺) = 30. Mass number = 65, number of neutrons (n) = 65 - 30 = 35. In a neutral atom, number of electrons (e⁻) = 30.

Step5: Fill in isotope - related table

For Argon - 40 ($^{40}{18}Ar$): Atomic number = 18, so number of protons = 18. Mass number = 40, number of neutrons = 40 - 18 = 22. In a neutral atom, number of electrons = 18. For Argon - 38: Atomic number of argon is 18, so number of protons = 18. Mass number = 38, number of neutrons = 38 - 18 = 20. In a neutral atom, number of electrons = 18. For $^{37}{16}S$: Number of protons = 16, number of neutrons = 37 - 16 = 21. In a neutral atom, number of electrons = 16. For an isotope with 28 protons and 30 neutrons: Atomic number = 28, mass number = 28+30 = 58. In a neutral atom, number of electrons = 28. For an isotope with 34 protons and 28 neutrons: Atomic number = 34, mass number = 34 + 28 = 62. In a neutral atom, number of electrons = 34. For an isotope with 37 protons, 48 neutrons and 37 electrons: Atomic number = 37, mass number = 37+48 = 85. For Manganese - 55 ($^{55}_{25}Mn$): Atomic number = 25, so number of protons = 25. Mass number = 55, number of neutrons = 55 - 25 = 30. In a neutral atom, number of electrons = 25.

Answer:

  1. A neutral atom of zinc has 30 protons because the atomic number of zinc is 30 and the atomic number is equal to the number of protons.
  2. Neutral atoms have no charge because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons, and their charges cancel out.
  3. a. negative; b. positive
  4. For $^{16}8O$: p⁺ = 8, n = 8, e⁻ = 8; For $^{31}{15}P$: p⁺ = 15, n = 16, e⁻ = 15; For $^{65}_{30}Zn$: p⁺ = 30, n = 35, e⁻ = 30
Isotope Name Isotope Symbol Protons Neutrons Electrons Atomic Number Mass Number
Argon - 40 $^{40}_{18}Ar$ 18 22 18 18 40
Argon - 38 18 20 18 18 38
$^{37}_{16}S$ 16 21 16 16 37
28 30 28 28 58
34 28 34 34 62
37 48 37 37 85
Manganese - 55 $^{55}_{25}Mn$ 25 30 25 25 55