which material is liquid butane, c₄h₁₀, likely to be miscible with? ch₃ch₂ch₂ch₂ch₃ ch₃oh ch₃nh₂ h₂o
which material is liquid butane, c₄h₁₀, likely to be miscible with? ch₃ch₂ch₂ch₂ch₃ ch₃oh ch₃nh₂ h₂o
Answer
Explanation:
Step1: Recall "like dissolves like" principle
The "like dissolves like" principle states that nonpolar substances are miscible with nonpolar substances, and polar substances are miscible with polar substances (or ionic substances). Butane ($\ce{C4H10}$) is a nonpolar hydrocarbon (composed of carbon and hydrogen, with only London dispersion forces as intermolecular forces).
Step2: Analyze each option
- Option 1: $\ce{CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3}$ (pentane) is also a nonpolar hydrocarbon (composed of carbon and hydrogen, nonpolar, with London dispersion forces).
- Option 2: $\ce{CH3OH}$ (methanol) is polar because of the -OH group, which can form hydrogen bonds (a type of polar intermolecular force).
- Option 3: $\ce{CH3NH2}$ (methylamine) is polar due to the -NH2 group and can form hydrogen bonds, so it is polar.
- Option 4: $\ce{H2O}$ (water) is highly polar and forms hydrogen bonds.
Since butane is nonpolar, it will be miscible with a nonpolar substance. Pentane ($\ce{CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3}$) is nonpolar, so butane will be miscible with pentane.
Answer:
$\boldsymbol{\ce{CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3}}$ (the first option: $\ce{CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3}$)