organic chemistry study guide - academic\npart 1: define the following terms:\n• organic molecule:\n•…
organic chemistry study guide - academic\npart 1: define the following terms:\n• organic molecule:\n• monomer:\n• polymer:\n• dehydration synthesis:\n• hydrolysis:\n• carbohydrate:\n• monosaccharide:\n• polysaccharide:\n• starch:\n• cellulose:\n• glycogen:\n• protein:\n• polypeptide:\n• peptide bond:\n• enzyme:\n• lipid:\n• saturated fat:\n• unsaturated fat:\n• nucleic acid:
Answer
Brief Explanations:
- Organic Molecule: A molecule containing carbon - hydrogen bonds, often associated with living organisms.
- Monomer: A small molecule that can bond with other monomers to form a polymer.
- Polymer: A large molecule made up of repeating monomer units.
- Dehydration Synthesis: A chemical reaction that joins molecules by removing water.
- Hydrolysis: A reaction that breaks down molecules by adding water.
- Carbohydrate: A biological molecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, often used for energy.
- Monosaccharide: The simplest form of carbohydrate, a single - sugar molecule.
- Polysaccharide: A complex carbohydrate made up of many monosaccharides.
- Starch: A polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants.
- Cellulose: A polysaccharide that forms the structural component of plant cell walls.
- Glycogen: A polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals.
- Protein: A large biological molecule made up of amino acids, with various functions such as catalysis and structure.
- Polypeptide: A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
- Peptide Bond: The covalent bond between two amino acids in a polypeptide.
- Enzyme: A protein or RNA molecule that catalyzes a biochemical reaction.
- Lipid: A diverse group of hydrophobic molecules, including fats, oils, and waxes.
- Saturated Fat: A type of lipid with single bonds between carbon atoms in its fatty - acid chains.
- Unsaturated Fat: A type of lipid with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in its fatty - acid chains.
- Nucleic Acid: A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) that stores and transmits genetic information.
Answer:
- Organic Molecule: A molecule containing carbon - hydrogen bonds, often associated with living organisms.
- Monomer: A small molecule that can bond with other monomers to form a polymer.
- Polymer: A large molecule made up of repeating monomer units.
- Dehydration Synthesis: A chemical reaction that joins molecules by removing water.
- Hydrolysis: A reaction that breaks down molecules by adding water.
- Carbohydrate: A biological molecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, often used for energy.
- Monosaccharide: The simplest form of carbohydrate, a single - sugar molecule.
- Polysaccharide: A complex carbohydrate made up of many monosaccharides.
- Starch: A polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants.
- Cellulose: A polysaccharide that forms the structural component of plant cell walls.
- Glycogen: A polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals.
- Protein: A large biological molecule made up of amino acids, with various functions such as catalysis and structure.
- Polypeptide: A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
- Peptide Bond: The covalent bond between two amino acids in a polypeptide.
- Enzyme: A protein or RNA molecule that catalyzes a biochemical reaction.
- Lipid: A diverse group of hydrophobic molecules, including fats, oils, and waxes.
- Saturated Fat: A type of lipid with single bonds between carbon atoms in its fatty - acid chains.
- Unsaturated Fat: A type of lipid with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in its fatty - acid chains.
- Nucleic Acid: A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) that stores and transmits genetic information.