the ph scale\nthe concentration of hydronium ions in a solution in measured by the ph scale which can…

the ph scale\nthe concentration of hydronium ions in a solution in measured by the ph scale which can therefore be used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. acidic solutions have a ph value less than 7 whereas basic (or alkaline) solutions have a ph greater than 7. a ph of 7 is neutral and the maximum ph value is 14.\nindicators are chemicals that possess different colors at a different ph levels. phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic and neutral solutions, but pink in a basic solution. blue litmus is blue in neutral and basic solutions, but red in an acidic solution. red litmus is red in addic and neutral solutions, but blue in a basic solution.\nprovide the appropriate terms and colors in the chart below.\n| ph | acid, base, neutral | phenolphthalein | blue litmus | red litmus |\n|----|---------------------|-----------------|-------------|------------|\n| 1 | | | | |\n| 2 | | | | |\n| 4 | | | | |\n| 5 | | | | |\n| 7 | | | | |\n| 8 | | | | |\n| 11 | | | | |\n| 13 | | | | |

the ph scale\nthe concentration of hydronium ions in a solution in measured by the ph scale which can therefore be used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. acidic solutions have a ph value less than 7 whereas basic (or alkaline) solutions have a ph greater than 7. a ph of 7 is neutral and the maximum ph value is 14.\nindicators are chemicals that possess different colors at a different ph levels. phenolphthalein is colorless in acidic and neutral solutions, but pink in a basic solution. blue litmus is blue in neutral and basic solutions, but red in an acidic solution. red litmus is red in addic and neutral solutions, but blue in a basic solution.\nprovide the appropriate terms and colors in the chart below.\n| ph | acid, base, neutral | phenolphthalein | blue litmus | red litmus |\n|----|---------------------|-----------------|-------------|------------|\n| 1 | | | | |\n| 2 | | | | |\n| 4 | | | | |\n| 5 | | | | |\n| 7 | | | | |\n| 8 | | | | |\n| 11 | | | | |\n| 13 | | | | |

Answer

To solve this, we use the given rules about pH (acid <7, base >7, neutral =7) and indicator colors:

Step 1: pH = 1

  • Acid/Base/Neutral: pH <7 → Acid
  • Phenolphthalein: Colorless (acid/neutral)
  • Blue Litmus: Red (acidic)
  • Red Litmus: Red (acid/neutral)

Step 2: pH = 2

  • Acid/Base/Neutral: pH <7 → Acid
  • Phenolphthalein: Colorless
  • Blue Litmus: Red
  • Red Litmus: Red

Step 3: pH = 4

  • Acid/Base/Neutral: pH <7 → Acid
  • Phenolphthalein: Colorless
  • Blue Litmus: Red
  • Red Litmus: Red

Step 4: pH = 5

  • Acid/Base/Neutral: pH <7 → Acid
  • Phenolphthalein: Colorless
  • Blue Litmus: Red
  • Red Litmus: Red

Step 5: pH = 7

  • Acid/Base/Neutral: pH =7 → Neutral
  • Phenolphthalein: Colorless (neutral)
  • Blue Litmus: Blue (neutral)
  • Red Litmus: Red (neutral)

Step 6: pH = 8

  • Acid/Base/Neutral: pH >7 → Base
  • Phenolphthalein: Pink (basic)
  • Blue Litmus: Blue (basic)
  • Red Litmus: Blue (basic)

Step 7: pH = 11

  • Acid/Base/Neutral: pH >7 → Base
  • Phenolphthalein: Pink
  • Blue Litmus: Blue
  • Red Litmus: Blue

Step 8: pH = 13

  • Acid/Base/Neutral: pH >7 → Base
  • Phenolphthalein: Pink
  • Blue Litmus: Blue
  • Red Litmus: Blue

Filled Table:

pH Acid, Base, Neutral Phenolphthalein Blue Litmus Red Litmus
1 Acid Colorless Red Red
2 Acid Colorless Red Red
4 Acid Colorless Red Red
5 Acid Colorless Red Red
7 Neutral Colorless Blue Red
8 Base Pink Blue Blue
11 Base Pink Blue Blue
13 Base Pink Blue Blue