question 23 (6 points)\nwrite chemical equations using structural formulas to represent the synthesis of 3…

question 23 (6 points)\nwrite chemical equations using structural formulas to represent the synthesis of 3 - methyl heptanoic acid from 1 - chloro - 3 - methylheptane. identify the type of reactions.

question 23 (6 points)\nwrite chemical equations using structural formulas to represent the synthesis of 3 - methyl heptanoic acid from 1 - chloro - 3 - methylheptane. identify the type of reactions.

Answer

Explanation:

Step1: Convert alkyl chloride to nitrile

First, perform a nucleophilic substitution reaction where the chloride group is replaced by a cyano group using a cyanide salt. $$\ce{CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH2Cl + NaCN ->[polar aprotic solvent] CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH2CN + NaCl}$$ Reaction type: Nucleophilic Substitution ($S_N2$)

Step2: Hydrolyze nitrile to carboxylic acid

Hydrolyze the nitrile group under acidic (or basic) conditions to form the carboxylic acid functional group. $$\ce{CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH2CN + 2H2O + HCl ->[heat] CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH + NH4Cl}$$ Reaction type: Acidic Nitrile Hydrolysis

Answer:

  1. Nucleophilic Substitution ($S_N2$) reaction: $\ce{CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH2Cl + NaCN ->[polar aprotic solvent] CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH2CN + NaCl}$
  2. Acidic Hydrolysis reaction: $\ce{CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH2CN + 2H2O + HCl ->[heat] CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH + NH4Cl}$ Reaction types: Nucleophilic Substitution ($S_N2$) and Acidic Nitrile Hydrolysis