how do we measure and calculate the concentration of a solution?

Explanation:

Step1: Define concentration formula

Concentration ($c$) can be calculated as the amount of solute ($n$) divided by the volume of solution ($V$), i.e., $c=\frac{n}{V}$.

Step2: Measure amount of solute

The amount of solute can be measured in moles. If the mass ($m$) of the solute is known and its molar - mass ($M$) is known, then $n = \frac{m}{M}$.

Step3: Measure volume of solution

The volume of the solution can be measured using appropriate volumetric glassware such as a volumetric flask, graduated cylinder etc.

Answer:

Concentration $c=\frac{n}{V}$, where $n$ (amount of solute) can be calculated from mass and molar - mass ($n=\frac{m}{M}$) and $V$ (volume of solution) is measured using volumetric equipment.