tariffs and subsidies are both types of\n\nmonetary restrictions for the domestic producer\neconomic…

Brief Explanations:

Tariffs are taxes on imports which act as a negative incentive for international producers and can protect domestic producers. Subsidies are payments or support given to domestic producers, acting as a positive incentive. They are not just monetary restrictions for domestic producers, nor primarily economic benefits for consumers or international producers.

Answer:

D. positive and negative incentives