copernicus, galileo, kepler, and newton all supported which idea from the scientific revolution? a law of…

Brief Explanations:

• Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory (Sun - centered).
• Galileo's observations (e.g., phases of Venus) supported the heliocentric model.
• Kepler's laws of planetary motion were based on a heliocentric framework.
• Newton's work also fit within the heliocentric understanding of the solar system.
• The law of gravity (A) is mainly associated with Newton.
• The geocentric theory (B) (Earth - centered) was challenged by these scientists.
• The law of planetary motion (D) is specifically Kepler's contribution, not a shared idea among all four in the same comprehensive sense as the heliocentric theory.

Answer:

C. heliocentric theory