(2) how did the fall of the mongol empire change the way that long - distance trade networks worked after…

Brief Explanations:

The Mongol Empire had ensured safety and stability along trade routes like the Silk Road. After its fall, with no unified authority, trade became riskier. This led to European powers seeking new sea - based trade routes (like the Age of Exploration) to bypass the now - insecure overland routes. Also, local rulers along former trade routes might impose more taxes or restrictions as there was no Mongol - enforced order.

Answer:

After the fall of the Mongol Empire, long - distance trade overland became more perilous due to lack of unified security. This spurred European exploration of sea routes (e.g., Vasco da Gama's voyage to India), shifting trade dominance from overland to maritime networks. Additionally, local powers along old trade routes could more freely impose barriers (taxes, local conflicts), further disrupting traditional overland trade.