how did the renaissance affect the power of independent monarchs?\n○ it increased their power.\n○ it sparked…

Brief Explanations:

During the Renaissance, ideas of humanism, increased centralization of states, and the rise of nation - states contributed to the strengthening of independent monarchs. Monarchs were able to use new ideas, technologies (like better administration methods), and the support of emerging middle classes to consolidate their power. The option "It sparked a movement to outlaw monarchies" is incorrect as the Renaissance was not about outlawing monarchies. The option "It sparked a movement to make all monarchs independent" is also incorrect as monarchs' independence was not a result of a Renaissance - sparked movement in that way. And "It decreased their power" goes against the historical trend of monarchs gaining power during the Renaissance. So the correct option is the one that says it increased their power.

Answer:

A. It increased their power.