in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, popes called for crusades against\nany groups they thought…

in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, popes called for crusades against\nany groups they thought threatened catholicism.\ncatholics living in northern europe.\npowerful kings in france and spain.\nthe mongols who lived in asia.

in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, popes called for crusades against\nany groups they thought threatened catholicism.\ncatholics living in northern europe.\npowerful kings in france and spain.\nthe mongols who lived in asia.

Answer

Brief Explanations:

In the 12th and 13th centuries, the papacy was highly influential in religious matters. The Crusades were religiously - motivated military campaigns. The popes, as the leaders of the Catholic Church, would call for Crusades against any groups they perceived as a threat to Catholicism. Catholics in northern Europe were part of the Catholic Church, so it would be illogical for the popes to call Crusades against them. Powerful kings in France and Spain were often allies or at least had complex political - religious relationships with the papacy, not a target for Crusades in a general sense as described. The Mongols in Asia were a military threat but not the main target of the Crusades called by popes in the context of the question (the Crusades against non - Catholic or perceived heretical groups within Europe and the Holy Land were more in line with papal calls).

Answer:

any groups they thought threatened Catholicism.