13. ch. 2 sec. 3: define the following:\na. unitary system\nb. confederal system\nc. federal system\n14. ch…

Brief Explanations:

13.a. A unitary system is a form of government where power is centralized in a single, national - level government. Sub - national units have only the powers given to them by the central government. 13.b. A confederal system is a loose association of independent states. The central authority has limited power, and the member states retain most of their sovereignty. 13.c. A federal system divides power between a central government and regional governments. Both levels of government have certain autonomous powers. 14. Key features of a market economy include private property rights, freedom of enterprise and choice, competition, and the price mechanism which allocates resources. 15. Key features of a command economy are central planning by the government, state ownership of most or all means of production, and the government making decisions about production, distribution, and pricing. 16. Socialism is an economic system that was developed in the 1800s as a result of the inequalities of capitalism. 17. The Rule of Law is the principle that all individuals, institutions, and entities are accountable to laws that are publicly - known, equally - enforced, and independently adjudicated. The English first established the Rule of Law through the Magna Carta in 1215, which limited the power of the king and established the principle that the monarch was subject to the law. 18.a. Popular sovereignty is the idea that the authority of a government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political power. 18.b. Natural rights are rights that are believed to be inherent to all human beings, not bestowed by government, such as the rights to life, liberty, and property. 19. Judeo - Christian religious beliefs influenced the founding fathers by providing a moral and ethical framework. Ideas such as the dignity of the individual, the concept of a higher law, and the importance of justice and charity were incorporated into the development of the nation's political and social values.

Answer:

13.a. A unitary system has centralized power with sub - national units having delegated powers. 13.b. A confederal system is a loose state association with weak central authority. 13.c. A federal system divides power between central and regional governments. 14. Private property, enterprise freedom, competition, price mechanism. 15. Central planning, state ownership, government - made decisions. 16. Socialism 17. Principle of accountability to law; established by Magna Carta in 1215. 18.a. Government authority from people's consent. 18.b. Inherent rights of all humans like life, liberty, property. 19. Provided moral and ethical framework for political and social values.