10. explain keplers third law of planetary motion.\n11. summarize galileos contributions to science.\n12…

10.

Brief Explanations:

Kepler's third law states that the square of the orbital period ($T$) of a planet around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the semi - major axis ($a$) of its elliptical orbit, expressed as $T^{2}=ka^{3}$, where $k$ is a constant. This law helps in understanding the relationships between the orbital periods and distances of planets.

Answer:

Kepler's third law states that the square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi - major axis of its orbit ($T^{2}=ka^{3}$).

11.

Brief Explanations:

Galileo made several contributions. He used the telescope for astronomical observations, discovered Jupiter's moons, supported the heliocentric model, and made contributions to the study of motion, such as the law of falling bodies and the concept of inertia.

Answer:

Galileo used the telescope for astronomy, discovered Jupiter's moons, supported the heliocentric model, and contributed to the study of motion.

12.

Brief Explanations:

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and is a scalar quantity that remains constant in the universe. Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity, given by $W = mg$ (where $m$ is mass and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity). Weight can vary depending on the gravitational field strength.

Answer:

Mass is the amount of matter and is constant, while weight is the gravitational force on an object and can vary with the gravitational field.