12) use your knowledge of the kinetic molecular theory to explain the following statements: (a) solids have…

Brief Explanations:

(a) In solids, molecules are closely packed and vibrate around fixed positions, giving solids a definite shape. (b) Molecules in liquids and gases have more freedom of movement. They can slide past one - another, allowing them to flow. (c) In the freezer, water molecules lose kinetic energy. They slow down and arrange themselves in a regular pattern to form ice cubes. (d) On a hot day, heat is transferred to the ice - cream. The molecules gain kinetic energy, break the rigid structure, and the ice - cream melts. (e) Gas molecules are in constant, random motion and are far apart from each other. They fill the container they are in and do not have a definite shape.

Answer:

(a) Molecules are closely packed and vibrate around fixed positions. (b) Molecules can slide past one another. (c) Water molecules lose kinetic energy and arrange in a regular pattern. (d) Heat transfer causes molecules to gain kinetic energy and break the rigid structure. (e) Gas molecules are in constant, random motion and far apart.