ch.6 worksheet #2\nidentify the following peoples discoveries/models/theories as we have discussed in…

Answer:

1. Aristotle: Believed matter was made of earth, air, fire and water; Democritus: Proposed the concept of atoms.

2. John Dalton: Dalton's atomic theory (atoms are indivisible, elements consist of identical atoms, etc.).

3. Henri Becquerel: Discovery of radioactivity.

4. J.J. Thomson: Discovery of the electron; Plum - pudding model of the atom.

5. Marie & Pierre Curie: Discovery of radium and polonium; Work on radioactivity.

6. Max Planck: Quantum theory (energy is quantized, $E = h\nu$).

7. Robert Millikan: Oil - drop experiment to measure the charge of an electron.

8. Ernest Rutherford: Gold - foil experiment; Nuclear model of the atom.

9. Niels Bohr: Bohr model of the atom (electrons in quantized orbits).

10. Louis de Broglie: Wave - particle duality (matter has wave - like properties, $\lambda=\frac{h}{p}$).

11. Wolfgang Pauli: Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers).

12. Werner Heisenberg: Heisenberg uncertainty principle ($\Delta x\Delta p\geq\frac{h}{4\pi}$).

13. Erwin Schrödinger: Schrödinger equation (describes the wave - function of a quantum system).

14. James Chadwick: Discovery of the neutron.

15. Given $\lambda = 555nm=555\times10^{- 9}m$, $c = 2.99792\times10^{8}m/s$, from $c=\lambda\nu$, $\nu=\frac{c}{\lambda}=\frac{2.99792\times10^{8}}{555\times10^{-9}}\approx5.40\times10^{14}Hz$.

16. Given $\nu = 842000000Hz$, from $c=\lambda\nu$, $\lambda=\frac{c}{\nu}=\frac{2.99792\times10^{8}}{842000000}\approx0.356m$.

17. Given $\lambda = 500nm = 500\times10^{-9}m$, $\nu=\frac{c}{\lambda}=\frac{2.99792\times10^{8}}{500\times10^{-9}}=5.99584\times10^{14}Hz$.

18. Given $\nu = 4.2\times10^{13}Hz$, $\lambda=\frac{c}{\nu}=\frac{2.99792\times10^{8}}{4.2\times10^{13}}\approx7.14\times10^{-6}m$.

19. Given $\lambda = 450nm=450\times10^{-9}m$, $\nu=\frac{c}{\lambda}=\frac{2.99792\times10^{8}}{450\times10^{-9}}\approx6.66\times10^{14}Hz$.

20. Given $\nu = 9.63\times10^{19}Hz$, $\lambda=\frac{c}{\nu}=\frac{2.99792\times10^{8}}{9.63\times10^{19}}\approx3.11\times10^{-12}m$.

21. Given $\lambda = 64cm = 0.64m$, $\nu=\frac{c}{\lambda}=\frac{2.99792\times10^{8}}{0.64}\approx4.68\times10^{8}Hz$.

22. Given $\nu = 8.6\times10^{15}Hz$, $\lambda=\frac{c}{\nu}=\frac{2.99792\times10^{8}}{8.6\times10^{15}}\approx3.49\times10^{-8}m$.

23. Pr (Praseodymium), atomic number $Z = 59$, so $p = 59$, atomic mass $A\approx141$, $n=A - Z=141 - 59 = 82$, $e = 59$.

24. V (Vanadium), $Z = 23$, $p = 23$, $A\approx51$, $n=A - Z=51 - 23 = 28$, $e = 23$.

25. B (Boron), $Z = 5$, $p = 5$, $A\approx11$, $n=A - Z=11 - 5 = 6$, $e = 5$.

26. Mn (Manganese), $Z = 25$, $p = 25$, $A\approx55$, $n=A - Z=55 - 25 = 30$, $e = 25$.

27. Te (Tellurium), $Z = 52$, $p = 52$, $A\approx128$, $n=A - Z=128 - 52 = 76$, $e = 52$.

28. I (Iodine), $Z = 53$, $p = 53$, $A\approx127$, $n=A - Z=127 - 53 = 74$, $e = 53$.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall scientific contributions

For the first part, recall the well - known scientific discoveries and models associated with each scientist.

Step2: Use wave - speed formula

For frequency and wavelength problems, use the formula $c=\lambda\nu$, where $c$ is the speed of light, $\lambda$ is the wavelength and $\nu$ is the frequency. Rearrange the formula as needed to solve for either $\nu$ or $\lambda$.

Step3: Use atomic number and mass relationships

For proton, neutron and electron problems, recall that the atomic number ($Z$) is equal to the number of protons ($p$) and the number of electrons ($e$) in a neutral atom. The number of neutrons ($n$) is calculated as $n = A - Z$, where $A$ is the atomic mass.