3. describe rutherfords gold foil experiment in your own words.\n2 (unit 2)\n4. what were rutherfords…

Brief Explanations:

3. In Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment, a beam of alpha - particles was directed at a thin gold foil. Most alpha - particles passed straight through, but a small number were deflected at large angles or even bounced back.
4. Rutherford concluded that most of the atom's mass and positive charge are concentrated in a tiny nucleus at the center of the atom, and the rest of the atom is mostly empty space.

• First model: Plum - pudding model, proposed by J.J. Thomson. It depicts electrons embedded in a positively - charged sphere.
• Second model: The empty - space model (simplified view of pre - Rutherford understanding), no single scientist is uniquely credited for this basic concept of an atom being mostly empty space in a very general sense before more detailed models.
• Third model: Nuclear model, proposed by Ernest Rutherford. It has a small, dense, positively - charged nucleus with electrons orbiting around it.
• Fourth model: Thomson's earlier model (similar to plum - pudding but emphasizing positive charge distribution), proposed by J.J. Thomson.

Answer:

3. A beam of alpha - particles was aimed at a thin gold foil. Most passed through, some were deflected.
4. Atom has a tiny, dense, positively - charged nucleus and most of the atom is empty space.

• First: Plum - pudding model, J.J. Thomson
• Second: Empty - space model (general pre - Rutherford concept, no single credited scientist)
• Third: Nuclear model, Ernest Rutherford
• Fourth: Thomson's earlier model, J.J. Thomson