describing the energy of a pendulum\ndetermine how potential and kinetic energy changes at each position of…

Explanation:

Step1: Understand energy concepts

Potential energy ($PE = mgh$) depends on height, kinetic energy ($KE=\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}$) on speed.

Step2: Analyze position A

At the maximum - height position A, the ball is at rest momentarily. So, $KE = 0$ and $PE$ is maximum.

Step3: Analyze position B

As the ball moves from A to B, it loses height and gains speed. So, $PE$ decreases and $KE$ increases.

Step4: Analyze position C

At the lowest - point C, the height $h$ is minimum and speed $v$ is maximum. So, $PE$ is minimum and $KE$ is maximum.

Step5: Analyze position D

As the ball moves from C to D, it gains height and loses speed. So, $PE$ increases and $KE$ decreases.

Step6: Analyze position E

At position E (same height as A), the ball is again at rest momentarily. So, $KE = 0$ and $PE$ is maximum.

Answer:

Position A: Maximum potential energy, Minimum kinetic energy Position B: Decreasing potential energy, Increasing kinetic energy Position C: Minimum potential energy, Maximum kinetic energy Position D: Increasing potential energy, Decreasing kinetic energy Position E: Maximum potential energy, Minimum kinetic energy