what did rutherfords model of the atom include that thomsons model did not have? a nucleus energy levels…

Brief Explanations:

Thomson's model (plum - pudding model) had electrons embedded in a positive sphere. Rutherford's model proposed a small, dense, positively - charged nucleus at the center of the atom with electrons orbiting around it. Energy levels were not part of Rutherford's initial model. Electron clouds are a concept from quantum mechanics. Smaller particles like sub - atomic particles were not the key difference here. The nucleus was the new addition in Rutherford's model.

Answer:

a nucleus