schoolology link: heat and temperature article https://www.ck12.org/c/physics/heat - temperature - and…

schoolology link: heat and temperature article https://www.ck12.org/c/physics/heat - temperature - and - thermal - energy - transfer/lesson/heat - temperature - and - thermal - energy - transfer/ unit 4: heat and temperature read the section titled “heat, temperature, and thermal energy transfer”. according to the first paragraph, paraphrase the old (18th century) explanation for heat (that is now known to be wrong). reading the second paragraph, what is kinetic molecular theory? according to kinetic molecular theory, what is the difference between a hot object and a cold object? how do you find the thermal energy of an object? a) read the third paragraph. how is heat transferred from a hot object to a cold object that are touching each other? b) what is this called? according to the 4th paragraph, what is the difference between heat and temperature? the last paragraph of this section compares two things: a milliliter of boiling water vs a bathtub of room temperature water. which has a higher temperature? which has more heat? why is that? what is a thermometer, and what liquid do they commonly contain? what temperature scale is commonly used in the us? in the celsius scale, what temperature is the freezing point of water and what is the boiling point of water? what scale is often used by chemists and physicists? what happens to molecular motion at absolute zero, and why are there no negative numbers on this scale?

schoolology link: heat and temperature article https://www.ck12.org/c/physics/heat - temperature - and - thermal - energy - transfer/lesson/heat - temperature - and - thermal - energy - transfer/ unit 4: heat and temperature read the section titled “heat, temperature, and thermal energy transfer”. according to the first paragraph, paraphrase the old (18th century) explanation for heat (that is now known to be wrong). reading the second paragraph, what is kinetic molecular theory? according to kinetic molecular theory, what is the difference between a hot object and a cold object? how do you find the thermal energy of an object? a) read the third paragraph. how is heat transferred from a hot object to a cold object that are touching each other? b) what is this called? according to the 4th paragraph, what is the difference between heat and temperature? the last paragraph of this section compares two things: a milliliter of boiling water vs a bathtub of room temperature water. which has a higher temperature? which has more heat? why is that? what is a thermometer, and what liquid do they commonly contain? what temperature scale is commonly used in the us? in the celsius scale, what temperature is the freezing point of water and what is the boiling point of water? what scale is often used by chemists and physicists? what happens to molecular motion at absolute zero, and why are there no negative numbers on this scale?

Answer

Brief Explanations:

  1. Kinetic molecular theory: It states that matter is made of molecules in constant motion. The temperature of an object is related to the average kinetic - energy of its molecules.
  2. Hot vs Cold object: A hot object has molecules with higher average kinetic energy compared to a cold object.
  3. Thermal energy of an object: It is the total kinetic energy of all the molecules in the object and can be found by considering mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change ($Q = mc\Delta T$ where $Q$ is thermal energy, $m$ is mass, $c$ is specific - heat capacity, and $\Delta T$ is temperature change).
  4. Heat transfer between touching objects: Heat is transferred by conduction, which is the transfer of heat through direct contact as molecules collide.
  5. Heat vs Temperature: Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in an object.
  6. Milliliter of boiling water vs bathtub of room - temperature water: The milliliter of boiling water has a higher temperature (100°C at standard pressure) but the bathtub of room - temperature water has more heat because heat depends on mass and temperature difference, and the bathtub has a much larger mass of water.
  7. Thermometer: It is a device used to measure temperature. Commonly, thermometers contain mercury or alcohol.
  8. US temperature scale: The Fahrenheit scale is commonly used in the US.
  9. Celsius scale - water points: In the Celsius scale, the freezing point of water is 0°C and the boiling point is 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure.
  10. Scientists' scale: The Kelvin scale is often used by chemists and physicists. At absolute zero (0 K), molecular motion theoretically stops, and there are no negative numbers on the Kelvin scale because it is based on the lowest possible temperature where all molecular motion would cease.

Answer:

  1. Kinetic molecular theory states matter is made of constantly - moving molecules and temperature relates to average molecular kinetic energy.
  2. A hot object has molecules with higher average kinetic energy than a cold object.
  3. Thermal energy of an object is the total kinetic energy of its molecules and can be calculated as $Q = mc\Delta T$.
  4. Heat is transferred by conduction between touching objects as molecules collide.
  5. Heat is thermal - energy transfer due to a temperature difference; temperature measures average molecular kinetic energy.
  6. The milliliter of boiling water has a higher temperature; the bathtub of room - temperature water has more heat due to its larger mass.
  7. A thermometer measures temperature; it commonly contains mercury or alcohol.
  8. The Fahrenheit scale is commonly used in the US.
  9. In the Celsius scale, water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C at standard pressure.
  10. The Kelvin scale is used by chemists and physicists. At absolute zero (0 K), molecular motion stops and there are no negative numbers as it is based on the lowest possible temperature.