5. how does life expectancy affect population growth?

Brief Explanations:

Life expectancy is a key factor in population growth. When life expectancy increases, it means people are living longer. This can lead to a larger population size over time as fewer people are dying at a younger age. For example, in countries with high life expectancy, the population tends to be more stable or even grow slowly (if birth rates are also relatively stable). On the other hand, in areas with low life expectancy (due to factors like disease, poor healthcare, etc.), the population growth might be affected negatively as there is a higher mortality rate, especially among adults who could be having children. So, generally, higher life expectancy (assuming other factors like birth rate are not extremely low) can contribute to a more sustained or growing population, while lower life expectancy can hinder population growth.

Answer:

Higher life expectancy (with stable birth rates) can contribute to population growth (more people living longer), lower life expectancy can hinder it (more deaths, especially of reproductive - aged individuals).