read the following excerpt from levitt and dubners freakonomics.\n\nthe bagel data also reflect how much…

read the following excerpt from levitt and dubners freakonomics.\n\nthe bagel data also reflect how much personal mood seems to affect honesty. weather, for instance, is a major factor. unseasonably pleasant weather inspires people to pay at a higher rate. unseasonably cold weather, meanwhile, makes people cheat prolifically; so do heavy rain and wind. worst are the holidays. the week of christmas produces a 2 percent drop in payment rates—again, a 15 percent increase in theft, an effect on the same magnitude, in reverse, as that of 9/11. thanksgiving is nearly as bad; the week of valentines day is also lousy, as is the week straddling april 15. there are, however, a few good holidays: the weeks that include the fourth of july, labor day, and columbus day. the difference in the two sets of holidays? the low-cheating holidays represent little more than an extra day off from work. the high-cheating holidays are fraught with miscellaneous anxieties and the high expectations of loved ones.\n\nthe excerpt is an example of inductive reasoning because the authors\n\nwork from a generalization to formulate specific examples.\narrive at a generalization after starting with another generalization.\nformulate a generalization by studying specific examples.\narrive at specific examples by studying other examples.

read the following excerpt from levitt and dubners freakonomics.\n\nthe bagel data also reflect how much personal mood seems to affect honesty. weather, for instance, is a major factor. unseasonably pleasant weather inspires people to pay at a higher rate. unseasonably cold weather, meanwhile, makes people cheat prolifically; so do heavy rain and wind. worst are the holidays. the week of christmas produces a 2 percent drop in payment rates—again, a 15 percent increase in theft, an effect on the same magnitude, in reverse, as that of 9/11. thanksgiving is nearly as bad; the week of valentines day is also lousy, as is the week straddling april 15. there are, however, a few good holidays: the weeks that include the fourth of july, labor day, and columbus day. the difference in the two sets of holidays? the low-cheating holidays represent little more than an extra day off from work. the high-cheating holidays are fraught with miscellaneous anxieties and the high expectations of loved ones.\n\nthe excerpt is an example of inductive reasoning because the authors\n\nwork from a generalization to formulate specific examples.\narrive at a generalization after starting with another generalization.\nformulate a generalization by studying specific examples.\narrive at specific examples by studying other examples.

Answer

Brief Explanations:

Inductive reasoning is a logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion or generalization. In the provided text, the authors examine specific data points—such as payment rates during unseasonably pleasant weather, cold weather, and various holidays like Christmas and the Fourth of July. By analyzing these specific instances of behavior (the "bagel data"), they arrive at the broader generalization that personal mood and external stressors (anxieties or expectations) significantly affect honesty and payment rates. This movement from specific observations to a broader conclusion is the hallmark of inductive reasoning.

Answer:

formulate a generalization by studying specific examples.