directions: use your notes to complete the test study guide. 1. define the following terms: a. accuracy b…

directions: use your notes to complete the test study guide. 1. define the following terms: a. accuracy b. hypothesis c. dependent variable d. independent variable e. observation f. precision 2. be able to identify examples of the 4 branches of earth science: astronomy (a), geology (g), oceanography (o), and meteorology (m). clouds __ solar system __ the moon __ rocks __ seawater __ storms __ weather forecaster __ earthquakes __ 3. earths shape is called a(n) ________ 4. name the 3 matter and energy cycles we talked about in class? ________ ________ ________ 5. what is the ultimate source of energy for the earth? ________ 6. what percentage of the earths surface is covered by water ________% 7. what is carrying capacity? ________ 8. describe the composition of the asthenosphere. ________ 9. what process do plants use to capture and transfer solar energy? ________ 10. what does the first law of thermodynamics state? ________ 11. circle your choice for each option in parentheses. lines of latitude run (vertically/horizontally) and are called (meridians/parallels) and are used in locating places (north & south/east & west) of the (prime meridian/equator) 12. circle your choice for each option in parentheses. lines of longitude run (vertically/horizontally) and are called (meridians/parallels) and are used in locating places (north & south/east & west) of the (prime meridian/equator) 13. how many degrees separate the north pole from the south pole? ________ created by s. dick 09/20/24

directions: use your notes to complete the test study guide. 1. define the following terms: a. accuracy b. hypothesis c. dependent variable d. independent variable e. observation f. precision 2. be able to identify examples of the 4 branches of earth science: astronomy (a), geology (g), oceanography (o), and meteorology (m). clouds __ solar system __ the moon __ rocks __ seawater __ storms __ weather forecaster __ earthquakes __ 3. earths shape is called a(n) ________ 4. name the 3 matter and energy cycles we talked about in class? ________ ________ ________ 5. what is the ultimate source of energy for the earth? ________ 6. what percentage of the earths surface is covered by water ________% 7. what is carrying capacity? ________ 8. describe the composition of the asthenosphere. ________ 9. what process do plants use to capture and transfer solar energy? ________ 10. what does the first law of thermodynamics state? ________ 11. circle your choice for each option in parentheses. lines of latitude run (vertically/horizontally) and are called (meridians/parallels) and are used in locating places (north & south/east & west) of the (prime meridian/equator) 12. circle your choice for each option in parentheses. lines of longitude run (vertically/horizontally) and are called (meridians/parallels) and are used in locating places (north & south/east & west) of the (prime meridian/equator) 13. how many degrees separate the north pole from the south pole? ________ created by s. dick 09/20/24

Answer

Brief Explanations:

  • a. Accuracy: In science, accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value.
  • b. Hypothesis: A hypothesis is a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting - point for further investigation.
  • c. Dependent variable: The dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in an experiment, which depends on the independent variable.
  • d. Independent variable: The independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable.
  • e. Observation: Observation is the act of gathering information through the senses or with the help of instruments.
  • f. Precision: Precision refers to how close repeated measurements are to each other.

For the identification of earth - science branches:

  • Clouds: Meteorology (M) as clouds are related to weather.

  • The moon: Astronomy (A) as the moon is a celestial body.

  • Seawater: Oceanography (O) as it deals with the oceans.

  • Weather forecaster: Meteorology (M) as weather forecasting is part of meteorology.

  • Solar system: Astronomy (A) as it is a collection of celestial bodies.

  • Rocks: Geology (G) as geology studies rocks.

  • Storms: Meteorology (M) as storms are weather - related phenomena.

  • Earthquakes: Geology (G) as they are related to the earth's crust.

  • 3. Earth's shape: The Earth's shape is called a geoid.

  • 4. Matter and energy cycles: The water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle are common matter and energy cycles.

  • 5. Ultimate energy source for the Earth: The Sun is the ultimate source of energy for the Earth.

  • 6. Percentage of Earth's surface covered by water: Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water.

  • 7. Carrying capacity: Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can support.

  • 8. Composition of the asthenosphere: The asthenosphere is composed of semi - molten rock.

  • 9. Process in plants to capture and transfer solar energy: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants capture and transfer solar energy.

  • 10. First Law of Thermodynamics: The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.

  • 11. Lines of LATITUDE: Lines of LATITUDE run horizontally, are called parallels, and are used in locating places north & south of the equator.

  • 12. Lines of LONGITUDE: Lines of LONGITUDE run vertically, are called meridians, and are used in locating places east & west of the prime meridian.

  • 13. Degrees between North and South Pole: 180 degrees separate the North Pole from the South Pole.

Answer:

  • a. Accuracy: How close a measurement is to the true value.
  • b. Hypothesis: Proposed explanation based on limited evidence.
  • c. Dependent variable: Variable being tested, depends on independent variable.
  • d. Independent variable: Variable that is changed or controlled.
  • e. Observation: Gathering information through senses or instruments.
  • f. Precision: How close repeated measurements are to each other.
  • Clouds: M
  • The moon: A
  • Seawater: O
  • Weather forecaster: M
  • Solar system: A
  • Rocks: G
  • Storms: M
  • Earthquakes: G
  • 3. Earth's shape: Geoid
  • 4. Matter and energy cycles: Water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle
  • 5. Ultimate energy source for the Earth: The Sun
  • 6. Percentage of Earth's surface covered by water: 71%
  • 7. Carrying capacity: Maximum number of individuals an environment can support.
  • 8. Composition of the asthenosphere: Semi - molten rock
  • 9. Process in plants to capture and transfer solar energy: Photosynthesis
  • 10. First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted.
  • 11. Lines of LATITUDE: Horizontally, parallels, north & south, equator
  • 12. Lines of LONGITUDE: Vertically, meridians, east & west, prime meridian
  • 13. Degrees between North and South Pole: 180