section 1 - 2\nfor exercises 9 - 18, classify each as nominal - level, ordinal - level, interval - level, or…

Brief Explanations:

• 9. Pages in the 25 best - selling mystery novels: Ratio - level (RL) as there is a true zero (0 pages means no pages at all) and ratios are meaningful (e.g., a 200 - page novel has twice as many pages as a 100 - page novel).
• 10. Rankings of golfers in a tournament: Ordinal - level (OL) as the rankings have an order (1st is better than 2nd etc.) but differences between ranks are not meaningful.
• 11. Temperatures of 10 toasters: Interval - level (IL) as there is no true zero (0 degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit does not mean absence of heat) and differences are meaningful.
• 12. Weights of selected cell phones: Ratio - level (RL) as there is a true zero (0 weight means no mass) and ratios are meaningful.
• 13. Salaries of the coaches in the NFL: Ratio - level (RL) as there is a true zero (0 salary means no money) and ratios are meaningful (e.g., a coach with a $2 million salary makes twice as much as a coach with a $1 million salary).
• 14. Times required to complete a 6 - mile bike ride: Ratio - level (RL) as there is a true zero (0 time means no time elapsed) and ratios are meaningful.
• 15. Ratings of textbooks (poor, fair, good, excellent): Ordinal - level (OL) as there is an order but differences between the ratings are not well - defined.
• 16. Number of amps delivered by battery chargers: Ratio - level (RL) as there is a true zero (0 amps means no electrical current) and ratios are meaningful.
• 17. Ages of the players on a professional football team: Ratio - level (RL) as there is a true zero (0 years means the person has just been born) and ratios are meaningful.
• 18. Categories of magazines in a physician’s office (sports, women’s, health, men’s, news): Nominal - level (NL) as the categories are just labels with no order, interval or ratio properties.

Answer:

9. RL
10. OL
11. IL
12. RL
13. RL
14. RL
15. OL
16. RL
17. RL
18. NL