select the correct answer. based on the data in this two - way table, which statement is true? a. p(flower…

select the correct answer. based on the data in this two - way table, which statement is true? a. p(flower is yellow|flower is rose)≠p(flower is yellow) b. p(flower is hibiscus|color is red)=p(flower is hibiscus) c. p(flower is rose|color is red)=p(flower is red) d. p(flower is hibiscus|color is pink)≠p(flower is hibiscus)
Answer
Explanation:
Step1: Recall conditional - probability formula
The formula for conditional probability is $P(A|B)=\frac{P(A\cap B)}{P(B)}$.
Step2: Analyze option A
$P(\text{flower is yellow}|\text{flower is rose})=\frac{45}{105}=\frac{3}{7}$, $P(\text{flower is yellow})=\frac{135}{315}=\frac{3}{7}$. So $P(\text{flower is yellow}|\text{flower is rose}) = P(\text{flower is yellow})$, option A is false.
Step3: Analyze option B
$P(\text{flower is hibiscus}|\text{color is red})=\frac{80}{120}=\frac{2}{3}$, $P(\text{flower is hibiscus})=\frac{210}{315}=\frac{2}{3}$. So $P(\text{flower is hibiscus}|\text{color is red})=P(\text{flower is hibiscus})$, option B is false.
Step4: Analyze option C
$P(\text{flower is rose}|\text{color is red})=\frac{40}{120}=\frac{1}{3}$, $P(\text{flower is red})=\frac{120}{315}=\frac{8}{21}$. Since $\frac{1}{3}\neq\frac{8}{21}$, $P(\text{flower is rose}|\text{color is red})\neq P(\text{flower is red})$, option C is false.
Step5: Analyze option D
$P(\text{flower is hibiscus}|\text{color is pink})=\frac{40}{60}=\frac{2}{3}$, $P(\text{flower is hibiscus})=\frac{210}{315}=\frac{2}{3}$. So $P(\text{flower is hibiscus}|\text{color is pink}) = P(\text{flower is hibiscus})$, option D is false.