use the number line to identify the least value, first quartile, median, third quartile, and greatest value…

Explanation:

Step1: Arrange data in ascending order

5, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 12

Step2: Find the least value

The least value is the smallest number in the data - set. So, the least value is 5.

Step3: Find the number of data points

There are $n = 13$ data points.

Step4: Calculate the median

Since $n = 13$ (odd), the median is the $\left(\frac{n + 1}{2}\right)$-th value. $\frac{13+1}{2}=7$-th value. The median is 9.

Step5: Calculate the first - quartile

The first - quartile ($Q_1$) is the median of the lower half of the data. The lower half of the data is 5, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9. There are 6 data points in the lower half. The median of these 6 data points is $\frac{8 + 8}{2}=8$. So, $Q_1 = 8$.

Step6: Calculate the third - quartile

The third - quartile ($Q_3$) is the median of the upper half of the data. The upper half of the data is 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 12. There are 6 data points in the upper half. The median of these 6 data points is $\frac{10+11}{2}=10.5$. So, $Q_3 = 10.5$.

Step7: Find the greatest value

The greatest value is the largest number in the data - set. So, the greatest value is 12.

Answer:

Least value: 5 First quartile: 8 Median: 9 Third quartile: 10.5 Greatest value: 12