46 essay 2 points explain how biological insect control kills only the target insects while chemical…

Sub - question 46

Brief Explanations:

Biological insect control uses natural enemies like predators, parasites, or pathogens specific to target insects. Chemical insecticides are broad - spectrum and affect a wide range of organisms due to their non - specific action mechanisms.

Answer:

Biological insect control relies on natural enemies that are highly specific to the target insects. For example, certain wasps may parasitize only a particular type of caterpillar. These natural enemies have evolved to interact with and harm only their specific prey or host insects. In contrast, chemical insecticides often work by targeting physiological processes that are common across many different species of animals. For instance, some insecticides target the nervous system, and since many animals have similar neural mechanisms, they are affected by the chemical, not just the target insects.

Sub - question 47

Brief Explanations:

Urbanization is the process of population movement to cities. It can lead to urban crisis through issues like overcrowding, stress on infrastructure, and social problems.

Answer:

Urbanization is the large - scale migration of people from rural areas to urban areas. As urban populations grow rapidly due to urbanization, it can cause an urban crisis. Overcrowding occurs as housing cannot keep up with the influx of people, leading to slums and substandard living conditions. The increased population also strains infrastructure such as water supply, sewage systems, and transportation, causing shortages and breakdowns. Additionally, social problems like crime, poverty, and lack of access to education and healthcare can become more pronounced, all of which contribute to an urban crisis.